Video recording of my talk at Stanford (April 20, 2021)

I gave a talk at Stanford on April 20, 2021. Here is the recording:

New paper in Cognitive Science (open access): A Computational Evaluation of Two Models of Retrieval Processes in Sentence Processing in Aphasia

 An exciting new paper by my PhD student Paula Lissón

Download from here: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cogs.12956

Code and data: https://osf.io/kdjqz/

Title: A Computational Evaluation of Two Models of Retrieval Processes in Sentence Processing in Aphasia

Authors: Paula Lissón, Dorothea Pregla, Bruno Nicenboim, Dario Paape, Mick L. van het Nederend, Frank Burchert, Nicole Stadie, David Caplan, Shravan Vasishth

Abstract: 

Can sentence comprehension impairments in aphasia be explained by difficulties arising from dependency completion processes in parsing? Two distinct models of dependency completion difficulty are investigated, the Lewis and Vasishth (2005) activation‐based model and the direct‐access model (DA; McElree, 2000). These models' predictive performance is compared using data from individuals with aphasia (IWAs) and control participants. The data are from a self‐paced listening task involving subject and object relative clauses. The relative predictive performance of the models is evaluated using k‐fold cross‐validation. For both IWAs and controls, the activation‐based model furnishes a somewhat better quantitative fit to the data than the DA model. Model comparisons using Bayes factors show that, assuming an activation‐based model, intermittent deficiencies may be the best explanation for the cause of impairments in IWAs, although slowed syntax and lexical delayed access may also play a role. This is the first computational evaluation of different models of dependency completion using data from impaired and unimpaired individuals. This evaluation develops a systematic approach that can be used to quantitatively compare the predictions of competing models of language processing.

New paper (to appear in Open Mind):

A postdoc in our lab, Dario Paape, has had a paper accepted in the MIT Press open access journal Open Mind, which is one of the few serious open access journals available as an outlet for psycholinguists (another is Glossa Psycholinguistics). Unlike many of the so-called open access journals out there, Open Mind is a credible journal, not least because of its editorial board (the editor in chief is none other than Ted Gibson). The review process was as or more thoughtful and more thorough than I have experience in journals like Journal of Memory and Language (definitely a notch over Cognition). I am hopeful that we as a community can break free from these for-profit publishers and move towards open access journals like Open Mind and Glossa Psycholinguistics.

Download preprint from here: https://psyarxiv.com/2ztgw/

Title: Does local coherence lead to targeted regressions and illusions of grammaticality?

Authors: Dario Paape, Shravan Vasishth, and Ralf Engbert

Abstract: Local coherence effects arise when the human sentence processor is temporarily misled by a locally grammatical but globally ungrammatical analysis ("The coach smiled at THE PLAYER TOSSED A FRISBEE by the opposing team"). It has been suggested that such effects occur either because sentence processing occurs in a bottom-up, self-organized manner rather than being under constant grammatical supervision (Tabor, Galantucci, & Richardson, 2004), or because local coherence can disrupt processing due to readers maintaining uncertainty about previous input (Levy, 2008). We report the results of an eye-tracking study in which subjects read German grammatical and ungrammatical sentences that either contained a locally coherent substring or not and gave binary grammaticality judgments. In our data, local coherence affected on-line processing immediately at the point of the manipulation. There was, however, no indication that local coherence led to illusions of grammaticality (a prediction of self-organization), and only weak, inconclusive support for local coherence leading to targeted regressions to critical context words (a prediction of the uncertain-input approach). We discuss implications for self-organized and noisy-channel models of local coherence.

New paper: Individual differences in cue-weighting in sentence comprehension: An evaluation using Approximate Bayesian Computation

My PhD student Himanshu Yadav has recently submitted this amazing paper for review to a journal. This is the first in a series of papers that we are working on relating to the important topic of individual-level variability in sentence processing, a topic of central concern in our Collaborative Research Center on variability at Potsdam.

Download the preprint from here: https://psyarxiv.com/4jdu5/

Title: Individual differences in cue-weighting in sentence comprehension: An evaluation using Approximate Bayesian Computation

Authors: Himanshu Yadav, Dario Paape, Garrett Smith, Brian Dillon, and Shravan Vasishth

Abstract: Cue-based retrieval theories of sentence processing assume that syntactic dependencies are resolved through a content-addressable search process. An important recent claim is that in certain dependency types, the retrieval cues are weighted such that one cue dominates. This cue-weighting proposal aims to explain the observed average behavior, but here we show that there is systematic individual-level variation in cue weighting. Using the Lewis and Vasishth cue-based retrieval model, we estimated individual-level parameters for processing speed and cue weighting using 13 published datasets; hierarchical Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) was used to estimate the parameters. The modeling reveals a nuanced picture of cue weighting: we find support for the idea that some participants weight cues differentially, but not all participants do. Only fast readers tend to have the higher weighting for structural cues, suggesting that reading proficiency might be associated with cue weighting. A broader achievement of the work is to demonstrate how individual differences can be investigated in computational models of sentence processing without compromising the complexity of the model.